Over the past five years, Canada's temporary resident (TR) population has surged in response to post-pandemic labour shortages. Despite recent policy changes aimed at limiting intakes, Canada still plans to admit as many temporary residents as permanent residents each year. TRs are not going away: this population - composed primarily of temporary foreign workers and international students - is now central to the labour force, post-secondary education systems, regional population growth, and the selection of future permanent residents. BD-TEMP comprises a national panel survey of temporary residents and landed permanent residents (PR), plus two additional cross-sectional survey waves. It will address the glaring gap in evidence about contemporary temporary residents in Canada - particularly those beyond the population of international students, a group that has received comparatively more research attention. We have administrative data about temporary residents, but it is largely demographic, rather covering detailed integration experiences or subjective views and feelings. To address these gaps, we propose a new national survey that covers multiple streams of temporary residents, provides a comparative benchmark with permanent residents, and tracks transitions in employment, housing, belonging and political participation, individual aspirations and health over time.